4. What sort of ‘lifestyle’ is the world obsessed with? Show an example of a project that best showcases your points.

In the era of hi-tech and modernism, society are trying to reduce the amount of waste product produced daily by practicing green lifestyle. Green lifestyle refers to the lifestyle that attempts to reduce the amount of waste product produced daily at the same time reduces the use of natural resources.

One of the building that closely related to green lifestyle is the Taipei 101 skyscaper. This skyscaper is trying to practice the lifestyle that is practiced by the society nowadays. This is done by reducing the carbon footprint that released from the building and reducing the energy consumption of the building. Thus, a sustainable and environmental friendly building is being designed.

Energy efficiency is one of the critiria of green building. Taipei 101 brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It emphasizes taking advantage ofrenewable resources, for example, by using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Besides, many other techniques are being used in Taipei 101, such as using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.

In order to reduce operating energy use, designers used details that reduce air leakage through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space) within Taipei 101 building. They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy like passive solar building design, is implemented in this skyscaper. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. Apart from that, effective window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.

Apart from energy efficiency, reducing the amount of waste generated by the occupants is also one of the critiria of the green building. This can be done by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills. Next, in order to reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants of Taipei 101, several options exist. "Greywater", wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes. An alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits.

Wheareas, on the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings that are specify 'green' building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.

3.How has the word today been affected by the design thoughts of modernism? Compare architecture to anyone modernist design thought?

The design thoughts of modernism has affect the world today in terms of culture, architecture and art.

Modern architecture, new architectural style was based on the "rational" use of modern materials, the principles of functionalist planning, and the rejection of historical precedent and ornament. It strives to create home designs that go beyond “standard” ideas and instead pursue projects inspired by layout, location, and function. Frank Lloyd Wright’s mentor, Louis Sullivan famously stated that, “Form follows function”. This idea is expressed by Modernists’ tendency to have land or the function of a project dictate much of the design ideas. “Form follows function,” became the touchstone for many architects. Wright extended the teachings of his mentor by changing the phrase to “form and function are one.”

For example, Wright was famous for building with the land - his residential homes almost always relied on the lot to determine how the building was to be laid out.Wright believed that a building should be “one with the land” and not simply plopped down on top of it.

Modernist architecture takes inspiration from the project itself - if the project is meant to showcase something, house something particular, or be occupied by a particular person, Modern architecture’s aim is to design for each unique situation and to be inspired by its purpose.

Modern architecture also is a typically of simplicity in form and design. The goals of the project are clarified at the start, and only the features that are required are included in the design. Residential homes are often stripped down to showcase the architectural design of the home - the focus will be on the space itself, rather than on any decor or details not relevant to the overall design. Homeowners following a Modern aesthetic believe strongly in the idea of “Less is More” by Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. This idea to describe his aesthetic tactic of arranging the necessary components of a building to create an impression of extreme simplicity—he enlisted every element and detail to serve multiple visual and functional purposes.

For example, his mature buildings made use of modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define interior spaces. He strove toward an architecture with a minimal framework of structural order balanced against the implied freedom of free-flowing open space.

Furthermore, prominent features of modern architecture include revamped outdoor space. Multiple rooms open onto a large patio or atrium, designed to extend square footage and blur distinctions between the indoors and outdoors. Exterior building materials of glass and steel. Modern architecture almost always incorporates the topography of the land it is built on within the home's design. An excellent example of this is Fallingwater. Other designs seamlessly connect the interior with the exterior through glass walls.

Now, architecture mostly build at urban or suburban, instead of blending into the nature. Hence, one of trends in the architectural world today is call "Green building". To reduction in the consumption of energy; a reduction in carbon emissions, a focus on sustainable features and green principles. Besides, also blending into environment to achieve harmony with humanity and environment.

For example of French architect jean nouvel has designed a mixed-use tower named ‘white walls’ that climbs to a total height of 67 meters. Typical of Jean Nouvel Ateliers works, 80% of the south façade is covered by a vertical vegetated landscape which also acts as screening devices or louvres for shutting out direct or excessive sunlight for the apartments and the offices housed in this structure. At the building’s perimeter, Olive trees that are up-to 400 years old continue the vertical landscape as well as creating a link to a close urban park. The architects designed apartments and offices feature loggias that extend living space externally, taking advantage of the region’s temperate climate. For that reason, a series of cascading terraces and large balconies were integrated into the design as an addition to the loggias to emphasize on the importance of people spending time outside their living spaces.On the east and west façade, the loggias were recessed to not only sun shade the occupants but also prevent the users from noise and wind.

A vertical landscape covers approximately 80% of the building’s southern facade

concrete walls are punctured by a random array of square openings

Greenery emerges from internal gardens

concrete walls are punctured by a random array of square openings

The design pays homage to traditional cypriot architecture

loggias extend inwards to protect inhabitants from noise, wind and sun

In conclusion, I believe that Modernism it will be continued to influence affect the culture around the world

and create more new trend for our future architecture.

TOO XIN YI 1001231897

by joana chan sing sien 1001335414

Pick 1 architect that you are most influenced by in the terms of design thought. Show examples of his design thought through his projects. Show your own project to give evidence of the influence.

“No house should ever be on a hill or on anything. It should be of the hill. Belonging to it. Hill and house should live together, each the happier for the other.” The quote I liked the most from Frank Lloyd Wright.

Frank Llyord Wright - architect that inspired me alot during my architecture study. I like the way that he design which partially from the nature of site. Below are some of the design thought of Frank Llyord Wright that i always try to apply into my design.

HARMONY BETWEEN THE BUILDING AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

His building designs always grows out of the landscape as naturally as any plan. Wright carefully designed buildings that were a continuation of their surrounding environment. He applied this philosophy to all of his works. Fallingwater is a good example.

Its cantilevers mirror the rock formation that creates the waterfall immediately below the structure. Beside, Wright liked to mix indoor and outdoor spaces. The light screens, or glass walls, wrapping the living spaces of Fallingwater bring the outside environment into the house.

UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF MATERIALS

Wright gave careful consideration to the materials he used. He choose materials based on their natural strengths and properties. For example, glass allows light to pass through it. Concrete is fluid and can be poured. Both brick and stone are solid. Wright felt it best to allow materials to exist in their natural form, instead of superficially dressing them. For instance, wood has a natural color and grain. It is also strong yet flexible. Painting or carving a piece of wood doesn’t respect its natural, simple qualities and would be considered by Wright an instance of unnecessary design. Example of building - Teliesin West.

DETAILS WITH A PURPOSE

When Wright designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, a city that at the time was prone to fires, he included reflecting pools that could be used as a water source for fighting fires. While these pools were aesthetically beautiful, they served a much more important purpose.

As designers, we’re in the business of providing beautiful, engaging, usable experiences that meet the needs of our users and serve a much greater purpose. Every decision we make should serve a purpose that supports the original requirements and building objectives.

Mosque

M o s q u e

The mosque, in addition to being a place for worship for Muslims, is a center for information and education. It also a place for rest for travelers. The mosque is an ideological manifestation in space, time and matter. Islamic architecture, which lacks animate life forms due to the religion being against the idea of idolatry, is primarily composed of geometric shapes, foliage and floral patterns, and calligraphy.

The evolution of mosque architecture was powered by the spread of Islam into different regions of the world. New structures were integrated into the original design, as can be seen by the addition of the dome in the Turkish type mosque. Islamic architecture (as mainly seen in mosques) and urbanism used to be the physical representation of Muslim communities’ abilities, creativity , and positive contributions in mankind development but Mosque designs now are not asserting their current status or relevance to the contemporary moment. With the exception of some architectural deviants that stray from the traditional structure of a mosque, there seems to be an overall lack of progression which can possibly be attributed to the negative view of Islam in general around the world.

Mosques had a peculiar design that was determined by the functions it used to perform and the possibilities and the limitations of the available construction materials and architectural knowledge. A historical prototype would be a rectangular compound with four minarets, standing in each of the four corners and a hall covered by a combination of domes on the side facing Ka'aba. The ablution pond used to occupy the center of the open compound and the entrance to the mosque was well marked by protruding arches, often laden with exotic motives.

All of these architectural elements, and their silhouettes, served as symbols of our faith and the spaces they enclosed, within which we moved and prayed, formed an essential part of our religious experience – sitting on a mat, under a large dome has a peculiar spatial feel and meanings for the faithful. Not all mosques, however, could live up to the classical prototype mainly for want of resources but they all did try to get as close as possible to the ideal.

From a structural point of view, reinforced concrete literally obliterated the need to have domes. But the mosque builders did not immediately quit it as they valued domes for the spatial experience that most people had come to associate with praying and also for their visual value which served as a strong religious symbol.

Here is my design studio 5 project which i try to emulate the design thoughts of Flank Lloyd Wright. Begining from my initial stages, i intend to approach each aspect of the site as Frank Lloyd Wright would. This project is designing a Waldorf school for kindergarten and primary. First, i study about the site which include plantation around, existing road, slope, water element and environment.

Secondly i try to understand about Waldorf education system. The main idea of Waldorf is learning through senses. So my design intention is to encourage children learn direct from nature because nature is the best sources that could enhance children senses.

For example:

Sense of Touch from different texture of surrounding such as stone, sand, mud, leaf, water

Sense of Smell from animal around, flower, pond , and plantation.

Sense of Taste from the different type of fruit tree all around the site.

Sense of Hear from the bird chirping, the wind blowing, plant shaking.

Sense of Sights from all the nature environment which city children would like to explore.

After understanding the site and waldorf education, my design aim to create a building & spaces that continue or enhance the children imagination and desire to explore nature. Image below are my initial design sketches with the idea of building grows out of the landscape as naturally as any plant.

With a slopy site, i design with small component to minimise the cut and fill to the site. Each spaces are carefully designed with the consideration about existing plantation and the slope level. I design with organic shape to create less boxed-in feeling to the spaces. All the classroom included natural textured surface without painting and extra decoration. Beside, furniture are all made of natural material.

Green roof to provide spaces for children planting.	Existing tree as natural shading	Building are designed without cutting any existing tree	Interior planter box as shading and also protect form rainwater.Classroom cover by louver, without solid wall to allow natural ventilation and create feeling which nearer to nature.

Design Consideration

Raw material applied on all of the building.	Watch tower to enhance sense of sight. Allow children to see from different view.	Library with decking provide view	Building surround by many different type of tree allow children to explore

Lim Chau Yang 1001438115

Along my design i find a lot of inspiration from Wright’s timeless work. As designers, we should always concern about environment issue instead of the outlook of the building. Frank Lloyd Wright is always a good example for me to design a organic architecture.

1. How have we changed in designing to please God? Compare current religion buildings to past buildings.

Domes in concrete are, however, much more difficult and expensive to construct than flat roofs in the same material. Soon, they started building prayer halls with flat concrete roofs but to compensate for the lost silhouette, a relief of the old traditional mosque is stuck on the outer edge of the hall's roof. It is a two-dimensional cutout of the classical mosque's front elevation pasted on the forehead of the modern one. It's a shadow of the 3-dimensional structural reality that mosques used to be.

So the mosques started using the new age materials but could not construct a new spatial experience that could rival the classical one. They could also not create new architectural symbols and still rely on the old ones despite that, they have no structural significance anymore. Many mosques now place fiberglass domes on their rooftops. This mosque near Pir Mahal, Toba Tek Singh has hoisted a plastic dome on its front, like a flag. It is serving as an advertisement or a sign board for the bigger dome inside that the passer-bys cannot see.

What is the impact of branding & celebrity status to Design Thought?

5

Brand architecture is the structure of brands within an organizational entity. It is the way in which the brands within a company's portfolio are related to, and differentiated from, one another. It's also relate about creating an experience based an idea in the consumer's mind to use your product and makes sure having a good quality and services. From brand architecture included hierarchy of product, services and components that make up your company's portfolio of offerings. It's the value brand structure and like a roadmap that guides how your brand can scale in the future. Brand architecture can give a clear to your automobile company's great idea for an electric hybrid home appliance line isn't going out of bounds of the core brand's mission. It's guarantees that your long-established and recognized logo-mark doesn’t get bastardized when a newly hired product manager introduces a good idea for a line extension and prefers the color “red”. It empowers you to organize and introduce new product lines that fit seamlessly into different divisions of your brand so you leverage existing equity, retail relationships and consumer loyalty.

Celebrity status architecture is a significant effect on the architecture world. in our pluralistic day and age contemporary architecture can no longer be defined by a single style or uncompromising school of thought, then perhaps it is the unprecedented status of starchitects and “starchistructures” that has emerged as our era’s unifying theme. It may be just about the last resort for finding tangible common ground in the work of today’s key architects. In fact, common ground is the last thing starchitects are interested in preserving. And if so, this sort of categorization, superficial as it may be, is arguably contemporary architecture’s last bastion. Only the future can tell whether this notion has a long life and what’s next.

Brand architecture and Celebrity status architecture is a professional/ high classes which providing a good service/presentable to their client/ public. Well documentary and well significant design for the buildings. In branding architecture more consideration about the public needs, it's more talk about functionality and value of spaces. Well research and scientific analysis to create innovative results for their design. For the celebrity status architecture called "star architects" is like the mind transformation and slowly change to idols in architecture fields. It's what young architects think in today to create some emotion and memory/ sense for building itself. Strong own perception and methodology skill for their design process. Both of styles are important in architecture which included quality that embodies design ingenuity, connection to place, and, above all imagination. Architects may have strong idea perception and making their product more presentable in our architecture fields.

cult130715_zaha_hadid_560	normanfoster_1610x940	daniel-libeskind-4
Bjarke-Ingels_Image-by-Ulrik-Jantzen

ZAHA HADID

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Norman Foster was born in Manchester. After graduating from Manchester University School of Architecture and City Planning in 1961 he won a Henry Fellowship to Yale University, where he was a fellow of Jonathan Edwards College and gained a Master’s Degree in Architecture. In 1963 he co-founded Team 4 and in 1967 he established Foster Associates, now known as Foster + Partners. Founded in London, over the past four decades the practice has been responsible for a strikingly wide range of work, from urban masterplans, public infrastructure, airports, civic and cultural buildings, offices and workplaces to private houses and furniture design.

NORMAN FOSTER

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Daniel Libeskind, who is based in New York City ("a microcosm of the world") and describes himself as having been "an immigrant several times," discusses his origins, his family, his early influences and the 'state of the world', touching upon a great theme in his built works: that of memorialising and remembrance in the built environment. Having grown up under "terrible oppression" in post-war Poland and moved between countries eighteen times, he describes himself as a citizen of the world with a great deal of retrospective advice for prospective architects.

DANIEL LIBESKIND

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Born in Baghdad in1950, British- Iraqi Zaha Hadid is the first woman architect to win the prestigious Pritzer Prize, which she did in 2004. Her childhood saw Baghadad’s better days without strife and warfare. There she attended a religiously diverse Catholic school and was instructed in French by nuns. Her father was a politician and it was assumed and expected that she would further her educational studies. She attended the American University in Beirut where she studied Math. Her family fled the country after Saddam Hussein came to power, and the outbreak of war with Iran. In 1972 Hadid moved to London and enrolled at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. In 1980 she opened her own office which proved a bit of a challenge; at first her ideas were more in demand than her actual designs.

Today she is well revered and in the forefront of architectural design. She has broken through the glass ceiling and her modern, cutting edge philosophies have helped her to push the boundaries of architecture and design. Today her firm employs 350 people and has handled 950 projects in over 44 countries.

Bjarke Ingels is a Danish architect. He heads the architectural practice Bjarke Ingels Group which he founded in 2006. In 2009 he co-founded the design consultancy KiBiSi. In his designs, Bjarke Ingels often tries to achieve a balance between playful and practical approaches to architecture.